Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Are early intervention programs like Early Head Start worthwhile Essay

Are early mediation programs like Early Head Start advantageous - Essay Example The four territories are psychological turn of events, physical turn of events, social turn of events, and enthusiastic turn of events. Taking into account the four territories improves the poor child’s learning limit. The early intercession programs like IDEA and Early Head Start are beneficial undertakings (Currie, 2001). The Early Head Start program is characterized as the early mediation learning methodology of our legislature. The program assists families with equiping their youngster for their first section into the proper school study hall condition. The program takes into account families including kids inside the three years of age or more youthful age gathering. In like manner, the program incorporates moms who are at present pregnant. The program prepares the guardians guarantee the kid learning encounters are amplified (Currie, 2001). B. The Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) intercession program is beneficial (Duncan, 2010). The Early Learning Program helps out other instruction programs that are being actualized by our United States government. The IDEA program centers around helping the impaired individuals from North American culture improve their learning capacities. The IDEA program incorporates a particular learning program that is fitted for the crippled individual. For instance, the Braille learning framework is utilized for the visually impaired learning kid. Communication through signing is utilized as a vehicle of learning guidance in a study hall of hard of hearing quiet understudies. Further, the IDEA program is isolated into a few territories of youngster learning specialization. One territory is understanding perception. Another territory is debilitated kid learning progress following. A third territory is kid learning lodging. A fourth territory is youngster learning appraisal. A fifth zone is youngster conduct improvement prompting better learning limit. The IDEA program expresses the United States government organizes learning programs that are customized to fit each incapacitated person’s learning circumstance (Duncan, 2010). C. Utilization of play materials early

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Nora And Hedda Essays - Ibsen Family, Nora, Hedda Gabler, Hedda

Nora And Hedda Essays - Ibsen Family, Nora, Hedda Gabler, Hedda Nora And Hedda Nora and Heddas Struggle for Independence In Isbens two plays, A Dolls House and Hedda Gabler, one character of each play breaks the generalization or shape that is put on them. These two characters are Nora and Hedda. There are resemblances just as contrasts between the two, in any case. In A Dolls House Nora is the hero, while, in Hedda Gabler, Isben decides to make Hedda the foe. Both Nora and Hedda are trapped in a manly world, yet adopt an alternate strategy to picking up their freedom from their male partners. Nora decides to just leave the difficult she faces. This activity obliges most moms tell their kids when they face comparable circumstances. Nora is stifled by Torvalds words. She attempts to assist her with husbanding and, as indicated by the creator, spares his life. Torvald is uninformed of her penance and is embarrassed about Noras beguiling conduct. She is at last tired of being known as a little skylark and a high-roller and chooses to leave Torvald, which is unheard during that time. The play closes with Nora hammering the entryway and Torvald murmuring to himself. Crowds respond so fiercely to this completion since it shows a lady assuming responsibility for her life and thinking outside the box that generalizations her. Hedda adopts an alternate strategy to changing the conditions that generalizations place her in. Being a lady, Hedda is viewed as resigned and mellow by the men in Hedda Gabler. Her fantasy is to control and in the long run ruin a human predetermination, which implies she should pick up the trust of, or entice, a person. Her character of decision, and past love interest, is Lvborg. Hedda doesnt get away from her issues and run for spread like Nora did. Rather, Hedda takes her issues head on in order to change them for her advantage. Her snide tone and malice conduct make a risky mix. The peruser encounters this blend when Hedda persuades Lvborg to slaughter himself. In the end this head-on approach was a lot for her and she ends her own life as opposed to be smothered by a male. Nora and Hedda have two very surprising characters and character characteristics. Noras can be viewed as autonomous and free willed, while Heddas characteristics are viewed as detestable, childish, and unfeeling. They are the equivalent, in any case, with regards to their battle for autonomy from the men throughout their life. In both of Isbens plays he puts men is the characters life that causes every one settle on a choice to conflict with the cliché lady. Nora decides to recognize the issue and escape from it, yet Hedda chooses to assume control over issues and control the issue for individual addition.

Wednesday, July 29, 2020

Using Weed to Manage Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms

Using Weed to Manage Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Print Marijuana Use and Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 27, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 23, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Martin-DM / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Components of Marijuana Marijuana for Treating Social Anxiety Medical Marijuana Risks Better Options Alternative Therapies View All Marijuana use for social anxiety disorder is a controversial topic. While marijuana is slowly moving in the direction toward legalization in several countries and has been approved for medical use in Canada, as well as medical and recreational use in certain U.S. states, there is still a lot of confusion about its use in the treatment of anxiety.? While some research supports the use of marijuana (also known as cannabis) in treating social anxiety disorder (SAD), long-term studies on effectiveness still need to be conducted. If you live with social anxiety disorder and are considering medical marijuana as a treatment option, you might feel confused about whether or not it can help. In addition, if youve been a recreational marijuana user, you might feel afraid to talk with your doctor about your use of the drug and its relation to your social anxiety. The following article provides some basic information to help you make an informed decision about whether marijuana might be helpful to you, and the best routes to obtain the best effect. Components of Marijuana Understanding the components of marijuana is helpful in learning whether it is effective for social anxiety disorder. First, its important to know that there are two main categories of chemicals present in marijuana and that they may have different effects on your social anxiety. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the psychoactive part of marijuana, which means it is the part that gives the feeling of being high. Cannabidiol (CBD) is an active part of marijuana that contributes to its pharmacological actions without being involved in the high. While recreational users are in search of the high that comes from THC, people with anxiety may  benefit more from the non-psychoactive component of the drug. Marijuana for Treating Social Anxiety In a 2015 review, cannabidiol (CBD) was supported as a treatment for social anxiety disorder (among other anxiety disorders) when administered acutely (over a short period). However, we dont know what the effects are of long-term use of marijuana.??   In addition,  THC, CBD,  and THC-CBD combinations have been shown to improve sleep quality and duration in anxiety disorders. These findings tell us that marijuana may help reduce social anxiety in the short term and may help you sleep better. Can Marijuana Use Cause Social Anxiety or Make It Worse? A 2009 review study found that frequent cannabis users consistently had a high prevalence of anxiety disorders and patients with anxiety disorders had a relatively high rate of cannabis use.?? However, it was not determined if cannabis use increased the risk of developing long-term anxiety disorders. This means that we know there may be  a relationship between using marijuana and having social anxiety; however, it is not clear which comes first. It could be that people who already have social anxiety are more likely to use marijuana (see the next section on marijuana and avoidance). It could also be that using marijuana frequently leads to a greater likelihood of being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. How CBD May Reduce Social Anxiety Although this is an area of great complexity and the neuroscience is still being worked out, CBD has been shown to work as an anxiolytic, or anxiety-reducing drug.?? Individuals suffering from social anxiety who were given CBD were found to have increased blood flow in the cingulate cortex, which plays a role in interpreting the reactions of others. They also experienced decreased blood flow to the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, which are key in forming and recalling memories, and also the inferior temporal gyrus, which helps you perceive faces. In studies with rats, CBD has been shown to reduce aversion to stressful situations.?? CBD is thought to inhibit the uptake of anandamide in the PAG. Substances that inhibit the uptake of anandamide have been shown to prevent anxiety. In addition, all of the brain areas involved in anxiety, including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and PAG contain CB1 receptors, which are indirectly  involved in the effect of CBD. As a whole, we still dont know exactly how CBD has its effect. However, it seems that when using this substance, you may be better able to suppress unpleasant memories of anxiety or embarrassment, and also have a better ability to perceive the reactions of others. Are People With Social Anxiety More Likely to Use Marijuana? A 2012 questionnaire study showed that people with clinically meaningful social anxiety were more likely to use marijuana to cope with social situations and to avoid social situations if they could not use marijuana.?? In addition, a 2011 study found that social avoidance was related to marijuana problems and that men with greater social avoidance showed the most severe in terms of marijuana-related problems.?? These findings suggest that as a recreational user, you may be more likely to use marijuana if you live with social anxiety, particularly if you are male and tend to avoid social situations. You might find yourself needing to use marijuana before a social event in order to get through it, or may avoid events where you know that you wont be able to get high to cope with your anxiety. Medical Marijuana Medical marijuana is prescribed by a doctor to help with various medical conditions such as chronic pain, cancer, and even anxiety. In Canada, this is regulated by the  Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (ACMPR), which came into effect on August 24, 2016. As for the United States, as of 2019, use of cannabis for medical purposes was legal in 33 U.S. states, the  District of Columbia, as well as  the territories of  Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands, and  Puerto Rico.?? Risks For some people, daily marijuana use may be related to negative consequences. Marijuana has the potential to intensify existing feelings, so the risk for negative effects may be greater if you use it in an unfamiliar or stressful setting, if you are already depressed, or if youve never used marijuana before (such that there is a fear factor involved). In addition, people who use marijuana have been shown to perform more poorly in terms of information-processing speed, working memory, executive functioning, and visual and spatial perception. Long-term effects may include neurocognitive deficits, psychosis, respiratory ailments, and possibly cancer. Research has also shown that it may be safer to ingest marijuana or to use a vaporizer than to smoke it directly.  A low dose at the start is also preferred, just as with any other medication for a mental health condition. Marijuana should also not be used for social anxiety if you have existing problems with substance abuse. Better Options The ideal medical marijuana for social anxiety disorder would have a significant quantity of CBD and low levels of THC, which has been shown to induce anxiety and panic. Safe access to marijuana varieties with this combination of concentrations would allow for the beneficial effects without the potential drawbacks. Alternative Therapies There are many alternatives to treating anxiety if medical marijuana  is  not the right option for you. Meditation and mindfulness are two methods for calming the mind and slowing down anxiety. These are also strategies that you can practice on your own. If you are comfortable with mainstream treatment, social anxiety disorder respond well to traditional medication and therapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). A Word From Verywell If medical marijuana is available for a prescription where you live, it may be one option to help reduce social anxiety. At the same time, this type of treatment is still in its infancy and more research is needed to confirm marijuanas effectiveness and safety for this use. If you do find yourself using marijuana to treat your social anxiety, be sure it has a higher proportion of CBD and a lower proportion of THC for maximum benefits. Also be sure to tell your doctor if you are using recreational marijuana to self-medicate, as prescribed medical marijuana may be an option and be more helpful for you. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Friday, May 22, 2020

Harry Houdini - The Great Escape Artist

Harry Houdini remains one of the most famous magicians in history. Although Houdini could do card tricks and traditional magic acts, he was most famous for his ability to escape from what seemed like anything and everything, including ropes, handcuffs, straightjackets, jail cells, water-filled milk cans, and even nailed-shut boxes that had been thrown into a river. After World War I, Houdini turned his knowledge about deception against Spiritualists who claimed to be able to contact the dead. Then, at age 52, Houdini died mysteriously after being hit in the abdomen. Dates: March 24, 1874 – October 31, 1926 Also Known As: Ehrich Weisz, Ehrich Weiss, The Great Houdini Houdini’s Childhood Throughout his life, Houdini propagated many legends about his beginnings, which have so oft been repeated that it has been difficult for historians to piece together the true story of Houdini’s childhood. However, it is believed that Harry Houdini was born Ehrich Weisz on March 24, 1874, in Budapest, Hungary. His mother, Cecilia Weisz (neà © Steiner), had six children (five boys and one girl) of which Houdini was the fourth child. Houdini’s father, Rabbi Mayer Samuel Weisz, also had a son from a previous marriage. With conditions looking bleak for Jews in Eastern Europe, Mayer decided to emigrate from Hungary to the United States. He had a friend who lived in the very small town of Appleton, Wisconsin, and so Mayer moved there, where he helped form a small synagogue. Cecilia and the children soon followed Mayer to America when Houdini was about four years old. While entering into the U.S., immigration officials changed the family’s name from Weisz to Weiss. Unfortunately for the Weiss family, Mayer’s congregation soon decided that he was too old-fashioned for them and let him go after only a few years. Despite being able to speak three languages (Hungarian, German, and Yiddish), Mayer couldn’t speak English—  a serious drawback for a man trying to find a job in America. In December 1882, when Houdini was eight years old, Mayer moved his family to the much larger city of Milwaukee, hoping for better opportunities. With the family in dire financial straits, the children got jobs to help support the family. This included Houdini, who worked odd jobs selling newspapers, shining shoes, and running errands. In his spare time, Houdini read library books regarding magic tricks and contortionist movements. At age nine, Houdini and some friends established a five-cent circus, where he wore red woolen stockings and called himself Ehrich, Prince of the Air.† At age eleven, Houdini worked as a locksmith apprentice. When Houdini was about 12 years old, the Weiss family moved to New York City. While Mayer tutored students in Hebrew, Houdini found a job cutting fabrics into strips for neckties. Despite working hard, the Weiss family was always short on money. This forced Houdini to use both his cleverness and confidence to find innovative ways to make a little extra money. In his spare time, Houdini proved himself a natural athlete, who enjoyed running, swimming, and bicycling. Houdini even received several medals in cross-country track competitions. The Creation of Harry Houdini At age fifteen, Houdini discovered the magician’s book, Memoirs of Robert-Houdin, Ambassador, Author, and Conjurer, Written by Himself. Houdini was mesmerized by the book and stayed up all night reading it. He later stated that this book truly sparked his enthusiasm for magic. Houdini would eventually read all of Robert-Houdin’s books, absorbing the stories and advice contained within. Through these books, Robert-Houdin (1805-1871) became a hero and a role model to Houdini. To get started on this new passion, the young Ehrich Weiss needed a stage name. Jacob Hyman, a friend of Houdini’s, told Weiss that there was a French custom that if you add the letter â€Å"I† to the end of your mentor’s name it showed admiration. Adding an â€Å"I† to â€Å"Houdin† resulted in â€Å"Houdini.† For a first name, Ehrich Weiss chose â€Å"Harry,† the Americanized version of his nickname â€Å"Ehrie.† He then combined â€Å"Harry† with â€Å"Houdini,† to create the now famous name â€Å"Harry Houdini.† Liking the name so much, Weiss and Hyman partnered together and called themselves â€Å"The Brothers Houdini.† In 1891, the Brothers Houdini performed card tricks, coin swaps, and disappearing acts at Huber’s Museum in New York City and also at Coney Island during the summer. About this time, Houdini purchased a magician trick (magicians often bought tricks of the trade from each other) called Metamorphosis that involved two people trading places in a locked trunk onstage behind a screen. In 1893, the Brothers Houdini were allowed a spot to perform outside the world’s fair in Chicago. By this time, Hyman had left the act and had been replaced by Houdini’s real brother, Theo (â€Å"Dash†). Houdini Marries Bessie and Joins the Circus After the fair, Houdini and his brother returned to Coney Island, where they performed at the same hall as the singing and dancing Floral Sisters. It wasn’t long before a romance blossomed between 20-year-old Houdini and 18-year-old Wilhelmina Beatrice (â€Å"Bess†) Rahner of the Floral Sisters. After a three-week courtship, Houdini and Bess were married on June 22, 1894. With Bess being of petite stature, she soon replaced Dash as Houdini’s partner since she was better able to hide inside various boxes and trunks in vanishing acts. Bess and Houdini called themselves Monsieur and Mademoiselle Houdini, Mysterious Harry and LaPetite Bessie, or The Great Houdinis. The Houdinis performed for a couple of years in dime museums and then in 1896, the Houdinis went to work in the Welsh Brothers Traveling Circus. Bess sang songs while Houdini did magic tricks, and together they performed the Metamorphosis act. The Houdinis Join Vaudeville and a Medicine Show In 1896, when the circus season ended, the Houdinis joined a traveling vaudeville show. During this show, Houdini added a handcuff-escape trick to the Metamorphosis act. In each new town, Houdini would visit the local police station and announce that he could escape from any handcuffs they put on him. Crowds would gather to watch as Houdini easily escaped. These pre-show exploits were often covered by a local newspaper, creating publicity for the vaudeville show. To keep audiences further amused, Houdini decided to escape from a straitjacket, using his agility and flexibility to wiggle free from it. When the vaudeville show ended, the Houdinis scrambled to find work, even contemplating work other than magic. Thus, when they were offered a position with Dr. Hill’s California Concert Company, an old-time traveling medicine show selling a tonic that â€Å"could cure just about anything,† they accepted. In the medicine show, Houdini once again performed his escape acts; however, when attendance numbers began to dwindle, Dr. Hill asked Houdini if he could transform himself into a spirit medium. Houdini was already familiar with many of the spirit medium’s tricks and so he began leading sà ©ances while Bess performed as a clairvoyant claiming to have psychic gifts. The Houdinis were very successful pretending to be spiritualists because they always did their research. As soon as they pulled into a new town, the Houdinis would read recent obituaries and visit graveyards to seek the names of the newly dead. They would also subtly listen to town gossip. All this allowed them to piece together enough information to convince crowds that the Houdinis were real spiritualists with amazing powers to contact the dead. However, feelings of guilt about lying to grief-stricken people eventually became overwhelming and the Houdinis ultimately quit the show. Houdini’s Big Break With no other prospects, the Houdinis went back to performing with the Welsh Brothers Traveling Circus. While performing in Chicago in 1899, Houdini once again performed his police station stunt of escaping handcuffs, but this time it was different. Houdini had been invited into a room full of 200 people, mostly policemen, and spent 45 minutes shocking everyone in the room as he escaped from everything the police had. The following day, The Chicago Journal ran the headline â€Å"Amazes the Detectives† with a large drawing of Houdini. The publicity surrounding Houdini and his handcuff act caught the eye of Martin Beck, the head of the Orpheum theater circuit, who signed him for a one-year contract. Houdini was to perform the handcuff escape act and Metamorphosis at the classy Orpheum theaters in Omaha, Boston, Philadelphia, Toronto, and San Francisco. Houdini was finally rising from obscurity and into the spotlight. Houdini Becomes an International Star In the spring of 1900, 26-year-old Houdini, exuding confidence as â€Å"The King of Handcuffs,† left for Europe in the hopes of finding success. His first stop was London, where Houdini performed at the Alhambra Theater. While there, Houdini was challenged to escape from Scotland Yard’s handcuffs. As always, Houdini escaped and the theater was filled every night for months. The Houdinis went on to perform in Dresden, Germany, at the Central Theater, where ticket sales broke records. For five years, Houdini and Bess performed throughout Europe and even in Russia, with tickets often selling out ahead of time for their performances. Houdini had become an international star. Houdini’s Death-Defying Stunts In 1905, the Houdinis decided to head back to the United States and try to win fame and fortune there as well. Houdini’s specialty had become escapes. In 1906, Houdini escaped from jail cells in Brooklyn, Detroit, Cleveland, Rochester, and Buffalo. In Washington D.C., Houdini performed a widely publicized escape act involving the former jail cell of Charles Guiteau, the assassin of President James A. Garfield. Stripped and wearing handcuffs supplied by the Secret Service, Houdini freed himself from the locked cell, and then unlocked the adjoining cell where his clothes were waiting -- all within 18 minutes. However, escaping just from handcuffs or jail cells was no longer enough to get the public’s attention. Houdini needed new, death-defying stunts. In 1907, Houdini unveiled a dangerous stunt in Rochester, N.Y., where, with his hands handcuffed behind his back, he jumped from a bridge into a river. Then in 1908, Houdini introduced the dramatic Milk Can Escape, where he was locked inside a sealed milk can filled with water. The performances were huge hits. The drama and flirting with death made Houdini even more popular. In 1912, Houdini created the Underwater Box Escape. In front of a huge crowd along New Yorks East River, Houdini was handcuffed and manacled, placed inside a box, locked in, and thrown into the river. When he escaped just moments later, everyone cheered. Even the magazine Scientific American was impressed and proclaimed Houdini’s feat as one of the most remarkable tricks ever performed. In September of 1912, Houdini debuted his famous Chinese Water Torture Cell escape at the Circus Busch in Berlin. For this trick, Houdini was handcuffed and shackled and then lowered, head first, into a tall glass box that had been filled with water. Assistants would then pull a curtain in front of the glass; moments later, Houdini would emerge, wet but alive. This became one of Houdini’s most famous tricks. It seemed like there was nothing Houdini could not escape from and nothing he could not make audiences believe. He was even able to make Jennie the elephant disappear! World War I and Acting When the U.S. joined World War I, Houdini tried to enlist in the army. However, since he was already 43-years old, he was not accepted. Nonetheless, Houdini spent the war years entertaining soldiers with free performances. When the war was drawing to a close, Houdini decided to try acting. He hoped that motion pictures would be a new way for him to reach mass audiences. Signed by Famous Players-Lasky/Paramount Pictures, Houdini starred in his first motion picture in 1919, a 15-episode serial titled The Master Mystery. He also starred in The Grim Game (1919), and Terror Island (1920). However, the two feature films did not do well at the box office. Confident it was bad management that had caused the movies to flop, the Houdinis returned to New York and founded their own film company, the Houdini Picture Corporation. Houdini then produced and starred in two of his own films, The Man From Beyond (1922) and Haldane of the Secret Service (1923). These two films also bombed at the box office, leading Houdini to the conclusion that it was time to give up on moviemaking. Houdini Challenges Spiritualists At the end of World War I, there was a huge surge in people believing in Spiritualism. With millions of young men dead from the war, their grieving families looked for ways to contact them â€Å"beyond the grave.† Psychics, spirit mediums, mystics, and others emerged to fill this need. Houdini was curious but skeptical. He, of course, had pretended to be a gifted spirit medium back in his days with Dr. Hill’s medicine show and thus knew many of the fake medium’s tricks. However, if it were possible to contact the dead, he would love to once again talk to his beloved mother, who had passed away in 1913. Thus Houdini visited a large number of mediums and attended hundreds of sà ©ances hoping to find a real psychic; unfortunately, he found every one of them to be a fake. Along this quest, Houdini befriended famous author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who was a devoted believer in Spiritualism after having lost his son in the war. The two great men exchanged many letters, debating the truthfulness of Spiritualism. In their relationship, Houdini was the one always looking for rational answers behind the encounters and Doyle remained the devoted believer. The friendship ended after Lady Doyle held a sà ©ance in which she claimed to channel automatic-writing from Houdini’s mother. Houdini was not convinced. Among other issues with the writing was that it was all in English, a language Houdini’s mother never spoke. The friendship between Houdini and Doyle ended bitterly and led to many antagonistic attacks against each other in newspapers. Houdini began to expose the tricks used by mediums. He gave lectures on the topic and often included demonstrations of these tricks during his own performances. He joined a committee organized by Scientific American who analyzed claims for a $2,500 prize for a true psychic phenomena (no one ever received the prize). Houdini also spoke in front of the U.S. House of Representatives, supporting a proposed bill that would ban telling fortunes for pay in Washington D.C. The result was that even though Houdini brought about some skepticism, it seemed to create more interest in Spiritualism. However, many Spiritualists were extremely upset at Houdini and Houdini received a number of death threats. Death of Houdini On October 22, 1926, Houdini was in his dressing room preparing for a show at McGill University in Montreal, when one of the three students he had invited backstage asked if Houdini really could withstand a strong punch to his upper torso. Houdini answered that he could. The student, J. Gordon Whitehead, then asked Houdini if he could punch him. Houdini agreed and started to get up off a couch when Whitehead punched him three times in the abdomen before Houdini had a chance to tense his stomach muscles. Houdini turned visibly pale and the students left. To Houdini, the show must always go on. Suffering from severe pain, Houdini performed the show at McGill University and then went on to do two more the following day. Moving on to Detroit that evening, Houdini grew weak and suffered from stomach pain and fever. Instead of going to the hospital, he once again went on with the show, and collapsed offstage. He was taken to a hospital and it was discovered that not only had his appendix burst, it was showing signs of gangrene. The next afternoon surgeons removed his appendix. The next day his condition worsened; they operated on him again. Houdini told Bess that if he died he would try to contact her from the grave, giving her a secret code - â€Å"Rosabelle, believe.† Houdini died at 1:26 p.m. on Halloween day, October 31, 1926. He was 52-years old. Headlines immediately read â€Å"Was Houdini Murdered?† Did he really have appendicitis? Was he poisoned? Why was there no autopsy? Houdini’s life insurance company investigated his death and ruled out foul play, but for many, uncertainty regarding the cause of Houdini’s death lingers. For years after his death, Bess attempted to contact Houdini through sà ©ances, but Houdini never contacted her from beyond the grave.

Saturday, May 9, 2020

Racism in the Twenty-First Century - 888 Words

Racism in the 21st Century As the 2008 presidential election proceeded to break racial barriers in America, many people have come to believe that racism in America no longer exists since we now have a Black president. However, This could not be anything further from the truth. When many people think of racism, they think of blunt discriminatory actions made against people of color. Thoughts of segregation and the Ku Klux Klan probably come to mind when people envision what racism may look like. Since many of this is now considered illegal or less evident in today’s society, many people may believe that racism is no longer a major issue. Racism in today’s society, however, is constructed differently. Robert M. Entman notes that American society has changed from â€Å"traditional to modern racism† (206). Modern racism is more complex within our political and social systems. So how does racism still exist you ask? Racism still exists in our society because minoritie s remain to be the largest group of people who are unemployed, disadvantaged in their ability to obtain a decent education, and misrepresented by the media. Minorities have a higher rate of unemployment than whites in America. Black unemployment in America rose â€Å"from 15.3 to 15.5 percentâ€Å" in March 2011, while only â€Å"7.9 percent of white workers were jobless† (Ross). The factors causing this lack of employment among minorities are explained as having to deal with education, age, ethnic-sounding names on job applications,Show MoreRelatedHas Dr. Martin Luther Kings Dream Become Reality?870 Words   |  4 PagesIn our modern society has the vision articulated by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in his acclaimed I Have a Dream speech become a reality in twenty-first century America? 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Racism is unequally treating others because they belong to a certain racial or ethnic group and thinking they are inferior to your ethnic group. Sociologists have defined racism as the perception and treatment of a racial or ethnic group, or member of that group, as intellectually, socially, and culturally inferior to one’s own group. It is more than an attitude; it is institutionalized in society. Racism is a silent disease that isRead MoreResearch Proposal On Environmental Racism And Environmental Justice Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Racism and Environmental Justice May 30, 2016 Andy Stanford (Instructor) This will be my paper research proposal on behave of the unit 8 Learning assignment as per requested; The Brief summary of my topic will be An environmental Justice / Environmental Racism. This ethicalRead MoreSocial Problems: Is the United States Post-Racial?1237 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States has generated a lot of discussions and debate on the current racial affairs in the United States. Many assume that Obamas presidency ushers a new era post-racial America. So, I decided to read a few recent articles on the topic. The first was by Time Wise where he reflects on denial and reality in response to the question what is post-racial? (Wise, 2012). Wises article is depressing because not only because he leaves no doubt, by bringing up strong qualitative and quantitativeRead MoreRacism Through Eras, By James Baldwin And Brent Staples951 Words   |  4 PagesRacism Through Eras Today, racist sororities and fraternities on college campuses have grown to be a public crisis. Recently at the University of Oklahoma, the Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) fraternity released a video including racial slurs and lynching of African Americans (Glionna et al.). This activity shows that there is racism among Americans even in the twenty-first century. There are many other publicized cases involving racism in American society which proves that racism is not just an issueRead MoreDr. Johnson s Death Of Death For The Cold Blooded Atrocity1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthe rape of eighteen-year-old Nevada Taylor. Mr. Johnson supposedly choked the victim with a leather strap and subsequently sexually assaulted her. When testifying, the woman only had one adjective to describe the perpetrator, a word that damned the twenty-six-year-old to a guilty verdict; black. Although he had never been in possession of a leather strap, had a sound alibi verified by countless testimonies, and the ra pe victim never definitively identified Mr. Johnson during the trial, the all-white

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Philo Paper on Morality Free Essays

Life is Beautiful, a film by Roberto Benign’, is a two-part film, the first part was purely comedy, the other brought smiles through tears (Bert 1998). It is about a guy named Guide Orifice, a Jew, who lived in Italy with his uncle during the time of the Nazis. He fell in love with a girl named Dora, a Gentile, to whom he had his only son. We will write a custom essay sample on Philo Paper on Morality or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was a free-spirited man who always has his way out of misery. He can always shed light to a very miserable experience. This was specifically illustrated in the second part of the elm wherein all the Jews, including Guide, his uncle, and their five-year-old child Joshua, were taken by the Fascist and Nazis and were brought in a concentration camp. So was Dora, who pleaded the officers to let her go with his family so she also went aboard the train. There, Guide was still able to make up a story in order for his son not to be terrified. He told his son that they were Just in a big competition and they must gain a thousand points in order to win the first prize. He even went to the extremes by lingering as a translator of the Germans, Just for his child to believe that what he was saying was true, because all he said was about the competition since he really did not speak German. He also went through a lot of sacrifices Just to protect his family who was also there. He even became a waiter for the Nazi and used the intercom to tell his wife at the other end of the camp that he loves him so much. He risked his life because his wife’s and child’s life are more precious to him than his So the main issue here that must be dealt with in relation to morality and peace is he very act of Guide lying to his child Just to protect his life and his innocence from the terror that the concentration camps bring so that he will never lose hope that some day they will go out there as victors. But the question remains whether it is right to lie Just to save someone from the terrible truth of life or not? Does it Justify the act because it may lead to peace? Having plotted the situation in the film and having rendered it noble for a man to do such thing Just to have his child protected, white lies would then be acceptable in he society despite the fact that it still constitute lies. Lying is wrong, however, if these white lies, which aims to salvage the other by not telling the truth, were acceptable now a days, would these then be viewed as moral? But wouldn’t this corrupt the people’s view regarding the evil of lies? In light of the technical norm, which has to do with the matter of survival and thus of the health and well being of human individual and the community (Rexes, Ground and Norm of Morality 1989, 1), what Guide has done in order for his child to survive is right. His lies were Justified because those were for the good of his son and for him not to get killed in the concentration camp. However, this act would run in conflict with the moral norm, which refers to the dignity of the human person (Rexes, Ground and Norm of Morality 1989, 3). Lying, when viewed in this aspect would be wrong despite the fact that it is for the benefit of another person because the very act of not saying the truth entails deviation of man from the uncorrupted state of not lying. Since there lies a violation of the dignity of man, the act is Judged to be wrong. Another way of looking at the act done of Guide is through the lens of Moral Dimension. One of its features is the sense of obligation, which signifies imperative, something one must or ought to do, or not in accordance with some rule or principle (Rexes, Ground and Norm of Morality 1989, 93). In Guides situation, what one ought to do as a father and a husband is without a doubt to save his family from the horrors of the place they are in, so he lied to his son for him not to be frightened because this is what he believed must be done. He believes that the meaning of his existence is to be able to protect his family, especially his son. So he resulted into lying, but he only did this with the purest intention and for the simple reason that he loves his child so much. But when analyzed in view of the tells, which is the search for truth and meaning of all things and the search in general for mutual recognition of consciousness referred to as love (Rexes, Ground and Norm of Morality 1989, 89), it would certainly be an immoral act. Although his acts were moved by love for his son, e stole the truth from his child by not telling him the real reason why they were there. His act of lying is a clear deviation from the orientation toward the tells, which is geared towards the ultimate meaning and communion of all consciousness (Rexes, Ground and Norm of Morality 1989, 89), rendering his action to be bad. The final article to be used in analyzing the issue at hand is Plat’s â€Å"Debauchery’. Here occurred the discussion of Socrates and Typhoon about the holy. Socrates pointed out that not all the Just are holy, only part of the Just is holy and the other is meeting else (Plato 2010, 13). In light of this, one may infer that Guides act could be Just since it upholds the life of his child. By lying and keeping him from the Nazis, he was able to protect his child and save him from the possibility of early death. Although it would be rendered Just, it could not be rendered holy. This is so because According to Socrates, which was agreed by Typhoon, an act, to be holy must essentially be holy in whatever form and not merely because the gods loved it. Holiness must come first before it is loved. Therefore, lying is not holy since goodness s not innate in the act itself even if the end goal was good. In conclusion, considering all the description of morality, lying itself is not in accordance to what is moral in the eyes of man or of the gods. Yet, when the reason for his lies is taken into further consideration, the act may seem Justifiable, but it does not necessitate that it is already morally right. Another thing worth noting is that morality is not Judged only in accordance with what one thinks is right or bad because this might result into one concluding that morality is relative. This should to be the case because what is moral does not vary, what varies are the lenses used in analyzing the act done. Therefore, one must be critical in the analysis of an act in order not to render false Judgment. How to cite Philo Paper on Morality, Papers

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

The Importance of Socialization in Small Group Communication free essay sample

Laura Smith Small Group Communication Reflection Paper #1 The Importance of Socialization In Small Group Communication According to Dictionary. com, socialization is defined as a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position. Although this definition could also apply In some ways, there are, however, more specific definitions of socialization when referring to small group communication. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Socialization in Small Group Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to understand how socialization works, and why it is important in a small group, I must first describe the arious definitions that exist: 1 . When newcomers become part of the groups patterns of activities. 2. As a reciprocal process that affects both Individual members and the group as a whole. 3. As a two-way process of Influence and change whereby group members use verbal and nonverbal messages to create a new and unique group culture. I should also explain the different models of small group communication. In 1999, Carolyn Anderson and her colleagues introduced a model of small group socialization by using five phases to illustrate how communication influences socialization processes. I found that these five phases are similar to Tuckmans five-phase model of group development. They are sequential, but unlike Tuckmans, focus on each individual within the small group and help to Illuminate how he/she may be feeling throughout the group process. The first phase In the models of small group socialization is the antecedent phase. In this phase, researchers seem to agree that whether youre entering an existing group or a new group matters not; what you bring to a group-beliefs, attitudes, and communicative and personality traits-will Influence the groups culture and members. For me, In the antecedent phase, I felt mostly negative toward group work. id not have much positive experience in prior groups, therefore, I assumed that this would be no different. The antecedent phase is important to small group communication because It clarifies how individual members may feel before actually meeting with the group, but after determining or discovering that he/she will be involved in group work. The individuals past experiences, values, and personality will also likely effect the attitude and feeling that he/she may have toward working in a small group. The next phase also occurs before the members of the group actually meet; It Is referred to as the anticipatory phase. There are several different aspects to this phase. Firstly, it is the phase in which individuals decide what they expect from group membership as well as each group member. The next aspect applies to new members of the group: existing groups form expectations about new group members. I can relate to this aspect on a personal level. unfortunately, was not present at the first few of my groups meetings. This made me feel more anxious about working in a group, mostly because I felt that the group would have negative OF3 the anticipatory phase is how members of a zero history group (i. e. , a group whose embers never worked together before) harbor preconceived expectations for the group. The group that I am involved in, The Magnificent 7, would have been considered a zero tolerance group at the beginning of the semester because we had never met each other, let alone worked in a group together. Overall, the anticipatory phase illustrates how prospective members of a group have expectations for that group, and the individual group members. This is significant in small group communication since it will help to determine the amount of motivation and encouragement held by each individual member, which is needed for the group to ucceed. The third phase in the models of small group socialization is called the encounter phase. During this phase, individuals usually come together for the first time and begin establishing group goals and roles. This, again, was a phase that I was not present for. It affected me in the aspect that I was going into the group a newcomer and was not part of the initial establishment of group roles and goals. It made me feel as though I was stuck with whatever goals and roles were already in place. Lucky for me, however, I quickly learned that my group had the same goals as I id, in reference to the group work and course as a whole, and they were all very accepting of me. I also learned that the Magnificent 7 did not assign specific roles. Through the first meeting, as well as talking with outside of class, it was clear to me that Evelyn had become our unspoken leader. Although she stated that it was not her purpose and she did not want to be the leader, I pointed out to her that it was to the groups benefit to have someone like her to get the group going and lead in the right direction. The encounter phase is essential to small group communication for he purpose of getting to learn about each members goals, as well as to start the actual communication process. It is crucial to balance personal, group, task, and relational goals for successful socialization. This means that there should be an equal balance of importance between each members goal, and the entirety of the groups goals. In the assimilation phase, the fourth phase in small group socialization, the We-ness or feeling of group-ness occurs. This phase occurs when each member of the group becomes more comfortable with the group as a whole. For the Magnificent 7, there could be conflicting opinions on when this occurred. I could say that we were an actual group before we did our volunteer time, but I do not think that we all really felt that we-ness until during and after our volunteer work. Successful assimilation occurs when each member sees his values and interests coinciding with those of the group. The service learning project really helped our group to become one and realize that we all did have the same expectations and want to succeed. The assimilation phase is critical to small group communication in order for the group to continue to effectively communicate, work together, complete tasks, and reach goals. The fifth and final phase of the small group socialization process is the exit phase. In this phase, the group as a whole ends, or it can also occur when a member leaves a group. The Magnificent 7 has not yet disbanded and reached this phase. It is a phase that group scholars are beginning to focus on because they are thought to influence attitudes about future groups and behaviors in them (Sinclair-James Stohl. 1997) . I would agree with this statement. Personally, I Magnificent 7 group. Going in, I encompassed a small to moderate amount of grouphate. I was not looking forward to working in a group due to my prior xperience. However, (so far), the experience that I have encountered within the Magnificent 7 has positively influenced my opinions of working in a small group. Going forward, I now have more knowledge and positive experiences to take with me to future small groups that I may be a part of. The assimilation phase is imperative to small group communication because this phase shows how each member feels when leaving the group. If a group member had a positive experience within the group, he/ she will more than likely leave the group with a good feeling about working in small groups. On the other hand, if a group member had a negative experience with the group, he/she will more than likely feeling unenthusiastic about working in future small groups. In closing, socialization is important in the small group communication process. It acknowledges that groups progress through communication in a certain order: from the beginning phase, (the antecedent phase), when members have not even yet met each other, until the final phase, (the exit phase), when the group as a whole displays cohesion. A positive outcome of socialization is successful group cohesion. Group cohesion is a phenomenon that determines how well a group holds ogether. When cohesion is strong, a group will remain stable, but when it is weak, the group may fall apart

Friday, March 20, 2020

Graham Greene - The Third Man Essays - Novellas, Films, Free Essays

Graham Greene - The Third Man Essays - Novellas, Films, Free Essays Graham Greene - The Third Man Author Henry Graham Greene was born on 2 October 1904 in Berkhamsted in England and was one of six children. At the age of eight he went to the Berkhamsted school. As a teenager he was under so immense pressure that he got psychological problems and suffered a nervous breakdown. In 1922 he was enrolled on the Balliol College, Oxford and in 1926 after graduation he started to work for the London Times as sub-editor and for the Nottingham Journal as journalist, where he met his later wife Vivien Dayrell-Browning. In February 1926 before marring his wife he was received into the Roman Catholic Church, which had influenced him and his writings. In 1929 his first novel The Man Within was published, but his popularity wasnt sealed before Stamboul Train (Orient Express) was published in 1932. In 1935 he became the house film critic for The Spectator. In 1938 he published Brighton Rock and wrote The Lawless Roads and The Power and the Glory. In 1941 within the World War Two he began to spy voluntar ily for the British Foreign Office in Sierra Leone and resigned in 1943 because of being accused of collusion and traitorous activities that never substantiated. He spent the rest of the war travelling widely and produced on his experiences he made The Heart of the Matter in 1948. In 1950 The Third Man was published which was written as a film treatment. So the book became famous after the movie had been released in 1949 and Greene states: The Third Man was never to be read but only to be seen. In 1975 he separated from his wife and on 3 April 1991 he died in Vevey, Switzerland. The novel Main Characters Rollo Martins alias Buck Dexter, English author of cheap westerns Harry Lime, old school friend and idol of Martins Colonel Calloway, English police officer and observer narrator Anna Schmidt, actress and Limes girl-friend, feigns to be Austrian but is Hungarian Dr. Winkler, Limes doctor and present doctor at the accident Colonel Cooler, a friend of Lime Herr Koch, Limes caretaker and witness of Limes accident Plot Rollo Martins travels after the World War II to the into four zones divided Vienna to visit his old school friend Harry Lime, who had invited him to Austria to report on international refugees. When arriving, Martins finds out that his friend was run over by car and died. At Limes funeral he meets Colonel Calloway who states that Lime was the worst racketeer in Vienna who would have been arrested if he had not been killed. At a literary discussion he starts his own inquiry at first with Kurtz who explains the accident but Martins is not satisfied, he thinks Lime was murdered. Visiting Schmidt, she tells the same as Cooler did, but mentions that even the driver was a friend of Lime. After that, he visits the doctor to question him, but gets no information. At Limes apartment he meets Koch who reveals that he is a witness who did not give evidence. He claims that there was a third man whom he could not identify. Cooler also tells the same story as Kurtz and askes him about the third ma n, but he has not seen a third man. Schmidt and he decide to question Koch again. As they arrived, Koch was murdered. After this Calloway makes an inquiry about Cooler, Kurtz, Dr. Winkler and Koch. Martins tells him about the third man, then Calloway informs him about Limes rackets: In those days, only military hospitals were supplied with Penicilin in Austria. As a result Penicillin was stolen and sold to Australian doctors for much money. The consequences were that it causes venereal diseases and meningitis. Then he showed evidences that Lime, Kurtz, Cooler, Winkler and Harbin were involved. So Martins gets disillusioned and disappointed about Lime and he wants to leave Vienna, but he cannot because of the Austrian police. Both think that Kurtz or third man killed Lime, so he tries to find third man. After the inquiry he visits Schmidt and tells her all about Lime and as leaving her, he meets the third man who is Lime. He pursues him to

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Word Choice Compliment vs. Complement

Word Choice Compliment vs. Complement Word Choice: Compliment vs. Complement Tom Selleck has beautiful eyes. We know that’s a little weird for an opening sentence in a proofreading blogpost, but we needed to illustrate what a â€Å"compliment† is. And partly we’re hoping Tom Selleck googles himself and reads this. We love Tom Selleck. Just look at that gorgeous specimen. Anyway, back to work. Today we’re discussing the difference between â€Å"compliment† and â€Å"complement.† Given their similarity in spelling and pronunciation, it’s understandable that these terms are confused sometimes. Yet each word has a distinct meaning, so it’s important to use them properly in your written work. Compliment/Complimentary As indicated above, a â€Å"compliment† is an expression of praise or approval: When I met Tom Selleck, I complimented him on his bushy mustache. He shampoos it every day. [Photo: Alan Light]This sense of â€Å"compliment† can be used either as a noun when referring to the praise itself, or as a verb when referring to the act of expressing praise. Meanwhile, the adjective â€Å"complimentary† has two meanings. One is to describe something or someone as having expressed admiration: After we were done talking, Tom Selleck thanked me for being complimentary. The other is to describe something as having been provided without charge or as a courtesy: I offered Tom Selleck the complimentary chocolate from my hotel room, but he declined. Complement/Complementary The verb â€Å"complement† means to â€Å"add to† or â€Å"enhance† something by making it more complete or effective: Tom Selleck’s sunglasses perfectly complement his Hawaiian shirt. Something which â€Å"complements† something else in this way can be described as a â€Å"complement.† Sometimes â€Å"complement† is also used as a noun meaning â€Å"the number of something required for a full set†: I wanted to go to Tom Selleck’s party, but he said they had a full complement of guests. The adjective â€Å"complementary† has the sense of â€Å"adding to† or â€Å"enhancing† something, and is used when describing two things that are useful or attractive together: The complementary combination of good looks and charisma made Tom Selleck one of the most popular TV actors of the 1980s. Also, he was in Three Men and a Baby. [Photo: Georges Biard] Compliment or Complement? Whether or not you’re intending to praise Tom Selleck, it’s essential to know the difference between â€Å"compliment† and â€Å"complement.† Remember: Compliment = Praise Complement = Add to/make complete The exception here is when â€Å"complimentary† means â€Å"free† or â€Å"as a courtesy,† as this isn’t directly related to praise. But as long as you can remember this general rule, you should be able to avoid confusions in your written work.

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Stefko, Salem Witchcraft Trials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stefko, Salem Witchcraft Trials - Essay Example The first to be tried were Tituba, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne. The girls attended the trials and experienced fits and convulsions as each of the accused was questioned. Tituba had been beaten by Parris for practicing the craft and confessed to being a witch. She implicated the other two women. Tituba also said that the three of them were not the only practitioners and there was a coven in Massachusetts that was lead by a tall man with white hair. This led to witch hunts and further trials. Ministers and district justices asked the girls to name more witches and they obliged. More people were falsely accused and arrested. Ann Putman Jr. and her mother accused Martha Corey of being a witch. They did not like this woman and this was what they did to vent their dislike. Later, Martha's husband, eighty- year old husband, Giles, was accused of being a wizard and a sorcerer. At the time the hysteria began, no trials could be held in the commonwealth until a new charter was in place. In May 1692, Sir William Phips, the newly appointed royal governor, arrived with a new charter. He did not want to be involved with the witchcraft problem, so he created a Court of Oyer and Terminer to try the accused witches. Lt. Governor William Stoughton served as chief justice and eight other judges presided at the trials. The men were highly respected in the colony. Some were biased because they had sent those accused witches to prison and believed that those who were in jail were, in reality, witches.The trials began in June. The girls had accused the "witches" of attacking them in the form of specters. There were tests to determine if the accused were witches. One was when the girls would collapse when the accused was told to look at Them. Another was when the girls were "cured" of their afflictions by touching the accused.The trials were swift and some of those who w ere found guilty were sentenced to death by hanging. The sentences were carried out within days after the sentence was pronounced.Giles Corey refused to acknowledge that the court had the power to try him. He was sentenced to the punishment of having a board placed on top of his body, then rocks placed on top of it. He was killed by the weight of the rocks.Eventually, Tituba was released from jail, and then sold as a slave to pay for the expenses of being imprisoned. The Salem witchcraft trials were the last major trials in the world. There had been other outbreaks of such hysteria in Europe prior to these trials. The Salem trials were "mild affairs compared to the hideous persecutions of Europe." (Cohen, 19)The largest witchcraft trials in the New World and one of the last events of the hysteria of witchcraft were in Salem, Massachusetts. Those who were the most afflicted by the alleged witches were young girls whose "'child's play'

Sunday, February 2, 2020

GBST300 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

GBST300 - Essay Example It absorbs several American citizens in its personnel lineup which contributes to increasing overall income distribution and reduces unemployment. Despite all its outlets spread across the world, it has the head office in US where all decisions are made with significant production process controlled from within. This means that significant returns from its outlets in other countries are repatriated back to USA which contributes to overall growth of economy. Walmart need to consider its stand on environmental care and corporate social responsibility which will address the importance of the society on its existence. There is also the need to improve employment terms as this is critical to its sustained performance and overall public image. The emerging trend in business society where organization rating is pegged on commitment to the society besides shareholders welfare put Walmart in a place to care about the welfare of the society on top of the shareholders. This emerging approach is subject to the market trend. The increasing dynamism in the global businesses practices does not promise consistent sourcing and such treatment of employees. It is therefore important to note that Walmart is increasingly becoming under the global spotlight on some of its practices hence push to

Saturday, January 25, 2020

The Transformational Process Model

The Transformational Process Model The Transformational Process Model A contrast of the transformational process model as it applies to the manufacturing (car manufacturing) and service (advertising) industries. Slack et al provide a model which assists in understanding the transformational process. Their model looks at the transformation of inputs into outputs of goods and services and the range of activities and operations that an organisation undertakes as part of this process. Slack et al’s transformational process model is robust enough to apply to both manufacturing and service industries and it is perhaps in contrasting these two areas that one is best able to understand the usefulness of their model. In simple terms, Slack et al’s the transformational process model deals with the process involved in transforming an input resource into an output good or service (Slack et al, 2001, p.9). A generic transformational process model can be set out as follows (Slack et al, 2001, p.10): The above generic input-transformation-output model applies to the operations of most organisations. However, as with any generic model, it fails to sufficiently differentiate between subtleties. As such, when considering differences between different types of operations (ie manufacturing and services) and then considering further differences within those different types (ie different types of manufacturing operations), it is necessary to expand on the generic input-transformation-output model set out above. In terms of the generic transformational process model set out above, it is important to note that inputs to the process will either be â€Å"transformed† or â€Å"transforming† resources. Slack et al define â€Å"transformed† resources as being â€Å"the resources that are treated, transformed or converted† (for example, materials, information and customers) and â€Å"transforming† resources as being â€Å"the resources that act upon the transformed resources† (for example facilities and staff) (Slack et al, 2001, pp.10-11). Slack et al note that in most cases, one of the transformed resources takes precedence over the other two. So for instance they note that while a bank devotes some of its time to processing materials and customers, its main focus is on processing information (Slack et al, 2001, p.11). However, it should be noted that in a modern, inter-dependant economy, it is unlikely that any organisation is able to operate without touching on each of the transformed resources and as such, the issue becomes one of the extent to which the other transformed resources are touched upon rather than whether or not an organisation’s operations touch on them at all. With respect to transforming resources, Slack et al refer to two types which form the â€Å"building blocks of all operations†. These are â€Å"facilities†, â€Å"the buildings, equipment, plant and process technology of the operation† and â€Å"staff†, â€Å"those who operate, maintain, plan and manage the operation† (Slack et al, 2001, p.11). Slack et al note that the transformation process is closely connected to the nature of the input resources which are being transformed. The three predominant types of operation processors are material processors, information processors and customer processors. Material processors predominantly transform the physical properties of the input resources, but may also change their location, their possession or store the materials. Information processors transform the informational properties of the input resources, the possession of the information, store the information or change the location of the information. Customer processing operations may change the physical properties of the input resource, store the resource, change the location, change their physiological state or their psychological state (Slack et al, 2001, pp.12-13). However, it is important to note that each macro organisational process also consists of numerous micro organisational processes (eg marketing and sales, set and props manufacture, engineering, production units and finance and costing) each of which contribute to what Slack et al (2001, p.19) refer to as the â€Å"end to end business process†. The flow of information, materials and/or customers throughout this end to end business process is often extremely complex. In terms of operations management, understanding that the transformational process model applies both at the macro level and at a micro level allows an organisation’s management to ensure that managers at all levels within the organisation understand that to a certain extent they are all involved in ensuring that their operation involves a transformational process and that it is only where the transformational processes of all these micro operations operate smoothly that the macro transformational process can be successful. It should also be noted that in many cases, organisations seek assistance from external organisations with respect to those micro processes. Thus for instance, an advertising agency provides a service which a large car manufacturing company may process internally. Or for instance Nike, which is thought of as a shoe manufacturer, is in fact a marketing processor specialising in shoes (the manufacturing of the shoes is, while done to Nike’s specifications, performed by external contractors with Nike concentrating on developing and maintaining their brand image). Slack et al (2001, pp. 18-19) refer to three core functions as transformation process operations. These are â€Å"product/services development function†, â€Å"operations function† and â€Å"marketing function†. The product/services development function involves â€Å"designers design software -> producing effective new products and services -> appropriate designs as promised and to budget†. The operations function involves â€Å"transformed/transforming resources -> producing service value for customers -> products and services†. The marketing function involves â€Å"sales people marketers market information -> producing sales and market plans -> orders marketing plans as promised and to budget†. As noted above, different types of operations (ie manufacturing and services) will involve different types of inputs, a different transformational process and result in different types of outputs. In order to compare how these differences are covered by Slack et als transformational process model, it is perhaps best to compare and contrast two specific examples. In this case, it is intended to compare and contrast differences between the transformational process of a car manufacturing operation (manufacturing) and an advertising agency (service). In terms of the basic input-transformation-output process, a car manufacturing and advertising agency’s operations can be described as follows: Operation Input resources Transformation process Outputs Car manufacturing Steel/plastic/other materials Car manufacturing equipment Machine operating staff Car manufacturing plant Design and procurement Fabrication Assembly Testing Distribution Cars Advertising agency Creative staff Admin staff Computer systems Information Customers Offices Client solicitation and pitching Creative production Delivery Account management Advertisements Increased sales One of the fundamental differences between the transformational process of a car manufacturing operation and an advertising agency is balance between facilities and staff resources. The car manufacturing operation will have much of its investment in physical facilities with the focus of operations managers in such an organisation being on ensuring that those facilities are operating smoothly. The transformational process for a car manufacturing plant is a technical/mechanical process which should run exactly the same every time. While there is creativity involved in the initial design stage of the vehicles and parts, the fabrication stage should involve no creativity and will essentially follow a set process which is repeated hundreds, if not thousands, of times each week with the purpose being to lower costs by automating the same repeated tasks. While staff in a car manufacturing operation remain important, their importance is secondary to the operation of the facilities themselves (ie should there be a problem with the operation of the facilities, the staff are not in a position to continue assembling the cars on their own – ie their effectiveness is directly linked to the effectiveness of the facilities themselves). Conversely, the importance of facilities to an advertising agency is entirely secondary to the importance of the staff that it employs. Preparing an advertising campaign is a largely creative process which varies from client to client and which does not therefore lend itself to automation. Due to the creative nature of an advertising agency’s work, should the facilities of an advertising agency for some reason become temporarily unavailable, it should be able to continue its operations using the same staff. Naturally, the importance of the less important transforming resource should not be underestimated and it is not the case that either of these two operations can continue without both transforming resources. Rather, it is that one of these transforming resources is more fundamentally important than the other. For instance, while an advertising agency’s staff should be able to continue with their transformational work even where the facilities they have been using are temporarily unavailable, it is highly likely that their transformational work will be less effective especially where the unavailability of facilities involves not only office space, but more importantly, informational resources such as computer systems, market research information, etc. Likewise, while a car manufacturing operation can replace staff that for instance, go on strike, the efficiency and effectiveness of newly employed staff will be lower than those who have experience working with the machinery and the organisation’s operational process. The point is that the balance for a car manufacturing and an advertising agency are different between facilities and staff and so too are therefore each organisation’s operations management concerns (Slack et al, 2001, p.12). With respect to the transformational process, a car manufacturing operation is predominantly a materials processor while an advertising agency is predominantly an information processor. A car manufacturing operation transforms the physical properties of the input resources involving the input of steel, plastic, and other materials the nature or which are then physically transformed into cars. An advertising agency on the other hand deals with information as its input resource (for instance, market research, demographic data, previous advertising campaign effectiveness, customer aims, etc) and transforms these into advertising campaigns the goal of which is to increase its customers’ sales. The operational outputs also differ substantially as between a car manufacturing operation and an advertising agency. Perhaps the most profound difference is that the outputs of a car manufacturing operation are an actual tangible product while for the advertising agency it is an intangible service. The difference between these two types of outputs affects such considerations such as storability, transportability, simultaneity, customer contact and quality (Slack et al, 2001, pp.13-14). Clearly a car has a degree of tangibility that an advertising campaign does not. This means that a car is able to be stored and transported. Likewise, the car manufacturing process involves production well before the customer ever sees it while with an advertising campaign, the psychological aspects occur simultaneously with its execution. As most customers will purchase a new car from a manufacturer’s own branded car yard, there is some contact between customer and manufacturer (more so than with other types of manufacturers such as for example household appliances where the manufactured good is sold via a third party retailer with no relationship with the manufacturer). The integrated supply chain for car manufacturers also affects the quality in that whereas with other manufactured products, the relationship between manufacturer and customer is more distant, the integrated supply chain for car manufacturers means that the customer is more likely to judge the quality of the operation from the quality of the product (although still not to the same extent that they would for a pure service such as a hair cut). Slack et al (2001, p.15-16) note that all operations fall somewhere within the spectrum between pure goods producers and pure service producers, with most operations producing a mixture of both products and services. They propose that each producer has a predominant type of output and that any peripheral output for that producer is referred to as a â€Å"facilitating† output. That is, for a goods producer, any services produced shall be â€Å"facilitating services† (eg technical advice) while for a services producer which produces peripheral goods (eg report and documents) these represent â€Å"facilitating goods†. This is perhaps a dated view of such operations which Slack et al acknowledge when noting that the distinction between services and products is becoming increasingly difficult to define. Perhaps a more accurate distinction is between the types of processors (ie materials, information and customer) rather than simply between goods and services. In reality, many service operations (especially information processors) do produce a tangible output which can be stored (for instance a travel agency will produce a booking which is reflected in a physical itinerary, a law firm will produce legal documents, a bank will produce bank statements, etc). It is generally customer processors (such as theme parks, theatres, public transport, airlines and hotels) which do not produce a tangible output which can be stored. In many ways, with the advent of the information revolution, the outputs of information operations have come to more closely resemble to outputs of traditional manufacturing operations more than traditional service operations. In general, a distinction needs to be made between services which produce a tangible output and those services which are consumed at the same time as they are produced. While both these operations fall within the overall heading of â€Å"services†, their natures are entirely different. The main difference between an information processor service and both material processors and customer processors are that an information processor’s output is not unique. That is, an information processor’s output is generally able to be copied at no additional cost. This can be contrasted to a material processor’s output such as a car or a customer processor’s output such as a haircut. Neither a car nor a haircut can be reproduced without additional inputs being used and the transformational process starting again at substantial cost. An informational output on the other hand, such as a legal document or a song can be reproduced an unlimited number of times at minim al cost and without the need for the original transformational process to be repeated (although large scale copying may require an additional transformational process eg producing CDs and DVDs). With respect to a car manufacturing operation and an advertising agency, both produce an output which is (arguably in the case of the advertising agency) tangible (ie cars and an advertising campaign respectively) although one is clearly much more tangible than the other. However, both the manufactured car and the advertising campaign loose relevance as time progresses and as such, the intention for both operations is to transfer the finalised output from the organisation responsible for processing the input onto the customer. The longer this transfer from processing operation to ultimate customer takes, the less relevant within the marketplace their outputs become (this statement will clearly not apply in certain cases for instance prestige cars which may increase in value the longer they are stored). The fundamental differences between a car manufacturing operation and an advertising agency have important implications on an organisation’s operations management. Both the advertising agency and car manufacturing consist of transforming resources facilities and staff. The difference is in the input of transformed resources as the car manufacturing is predominantly a material process and the advertising agency an information processor. The transformation process in operations is closely connected with the nature of its transformed input resources. Outputs from the transformation process are goods and services with the main difference being that an advertising agency provides a service while a car manufacturer produces a good. The difference in tangibility of the outputs also has an affect on storability, transportability, simultaneity, customer contact and quality. BIBLIOGRAPHY Slack, N., Chambers, S. Johnston, R. (2001), Operations Management, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, Harlow, England

Friday, January 17, 2020

Robot in Medical Field

VEX ROBOTICS ESSAY I believe that robotics should be used in the medic field because they can be safer and be more helpful. They can save time and a person life. They are more accurate. I have a evidence to prove that robots are safety to use. 1. In 1997, surgery was performed in Cleveland using Zeus, a robotic surgical system. The operation successfully reconnected a woman’s fallopian tubes. 2. In May of 1997, the first robotically-assisted operation for a heart bypass case in Germany was successfully done using the da Vinci surgical system. 3.The first coronary artery bypass graft was performed using the ZEUS robotic surgical system in October, 1999, in Canada. 4. The first unmanned robotic surgery was performed in Italy, in May, 2006. 5. Also in 2011 a 50 year old mother of 4 child, Maureen Sampson was suffering from gastrointestinal disorder. This is very serious and it can be deadly. Her conditions worsed each day. As the day went by her condition worsed. But in july of 2 011 her doctor referred her to the robotic-assisted surgery program at Swedish Covenant Hospital in Chicago.Maureen didn’t hesitate after learning that she could recover in a matter of weeks versus months compared to a conventional surgery. Just a month after her surgery, Maureen was back at work, back to daily life with her family, and finally feeling at ease about her health. Maureen is just one of hundreds of patients who have benefited from the knowledge and skill of the robotic-assisted surgical team. But remember these are just some of the examples of succesful robotic surgery. Robotic-assisted procedures reduce the negative impacts of surgery, allowing for a speedier recovery and less pain, risk of infection, and scarring.Surgery robots on this day are actually cleverly made manipulators controlled by competent doctors. Nowadays, there are two fields where surgical robots are being developed and tested. One is telerobotics which enables a doctor to do a surgery at a di stance. The other field is minimally invasive surgery – surgery done without making large cuts. The da Vinci robot surgery system is one great example of robotics use for surgery purposes. The da Vinci System consists of a surgeon’s console that is typically in the same room as the patient and a patient-side cart with four interactive robotic arms controlled from the console.Three of the arms are for tools that hold objects, act as a scalpel, scissors, bovie, or unipolar or bipolar electrocautery instruments. The fourth arm is for an endoscopic camera with two lenses that gives the surgeon full stereoscopic vision from the console. For patients, the benefits of robotic assisted surgery may include: -Decreased post-operative pain -Decreased risk of infection -Decreased use of anesthesia -Decreased blood loss -Shorter hospital stay -Quicker and more complete recovery -Faster return to normal daily activities

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Influence Of Gangs Essay - 1059 Words

Gang Culture has increasingly become a subculture for many teenage youths. Mainly minority teens, these social outcast are often have no real economic stability and no parental supervision or guidance. As a result, teenagers often rebel and seek comfort in gangs. These gangs provide what is lacking in their lives, a sense of belonging. Minorities are often stereotyped and criticized, especially minorities born into poverty. They are condemned simply because they are not of the same race or of the same class as the majority (often middle class whites). Before these minorities can even prove themselves equal, society already pushes them towards the subculture that has risen out of oppression and rebellion. Gang culture reinforces, and in†¦show more content†¦Instead they worry more about being accepted into the right crowds and owning lots of expensive items to show off. Most people fail to realize gang members are products of a bad environment that they are forced to live in. Immigrant families arrive with little money and have no choice but to live in bad neighborhoods. Society sees ghettos that are overfilled with immigrants and gangs so all low-class minority teens end up being stereotyped as being gangsters. The violence is not only on the streets but also at home. Often times, lower-class minority teens come from unstable homes. Immigrant parents no doubt already have a difficult time trying to make it in this prejudice society. With hard time the common cycle of poverty, drug and alcohol abuse, and sometime physical abuse arises. As a result teenager often rebel against their parents and find solace elsewhere. Because of the lack of love and guidance from parents, teens often stray from the family and wander blindly into the life of a gangbanger. Many of these ghetto troubled teens feel that they have nothin going for them so choosing this type of lifestyle is their way of getting through life and it is the only way they know to get through llife. Adolescence is the most crucial time to shape a young mind. When the world is against them during these times, many minority teens tend to easily stray from the right path and enter into the wrong crowd. Gangs have become a growingShow MoreRelatedInfluence Of Gangs On Theu.s.1296 Words   |  6 PagesInfluence of Gangs on the U.S Despite the discrete and sly manner of gangs, their presence and acts have affected and continue to affect the U.S in many aspects. Since their early beginnings in the 1780s, shortly after the Revolutionary War, gangs have had control and power in many areas of the U.S. When gangs were still a new idea in the U.S most had real jobs and few were involved in serious crimes (Wolff 6). It wasn’t until the nineteenth century, a time where the U.S economy was in a rut andRead MoreInfluence Of Gangs On Adolescents2333 Words   |  10 Pages Influence of Gangs on Adolescents in America Madison M. Prettyman California State University, Fresno Criminology 120- January 1, 201 Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes three different films, Crips and Bloods, A Better Life, and Gran Torino. The films each explore the social settings of three distinct minority groups; the paper notes and describes several similarities among the groups. These include widespread poverty, discrimination from the dominant social order, and the lack of availabilityRead MorePolitical Influence Of The Gang Of Four Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesmovement; great proletarian cultural revolution; The smash of the gang of four and the reform and opening-up policy, etc. All the articles or books I have read explains those movements from a different angle. In the following section, I will explain the specific movement in two ways - the ordinary history book and the approach from the article, which can’t be found in Chinese network. 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Gang violence is defined as a group of people by repetitive socializing individuals or close friends with recognizable influence and inner coordination. These gangs will claim full control over a region in a community, town, or specific area which will lead to the involvement of violent crimes and unlawful behavior as a group or even by oneself. Since these gangs are increasing in size in communities, citizens of certain areas are beginningRead MoreContributing Factors to Juvenile Delinquency1620 Words   |  7 Pages social learning, control, and labeling, to explain the different prospective of why it is thought that juveniles commence in delinquent behavior. This particular discussion however, is going to be about the influence of gangs on juvenile delinquency. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Who Really Has All the Power The Executive, Legislative,...

Who really has all the power At the beginning of the creation of the constitution, our founding fathers objectives were to establish a federal government, and to outline an equal distribution of powers within our government.(Michelsen, 2010). It was implemented by creating three branches that had to coincide with each other to function. Each branch has its own powers, duties, and responsibilities that influence how the government works. Executive Branch, which pertains to executing the laws. The legislative, which creates the laws and the judicial which interprets the laws. The constitution states their powers and their checks on one another, and its obvious that the legislative has the most power over all the other branches.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Congress has a portion of the war power because the members of Congress come from the several states and have close ties to all the people. The idea was that by splitting up the war power, the country would not go to war unless both constituencies – meaning the whole country – supported war.†(Understanding t he Constitution of the United States). Only way for a war to happen is if congress deems it reasonable, subordinating the executive branch. The legislative branch is also the â€Å"only part of the government that can make new laws or change existing laws.†(white house). A society is formed and controlled by rules and regulations, those who make these rules and regulations basically control society. The president does have the power to veto any law he doesn’t approve of, but if Congress is in accord with the Senate they can â€Å"override his veto with two thirds vote of each chamber.†(white house) ounce again subordinating the president . When the legislative branch has both houses in coalition with each other the executive branch really has no power over the legislative branch. 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